| Question |
Answer |
| Which gender is most likely to suffer from a sleep disorder? |
|
Women
|
| What part of the brain regulates wakefulness? |
|
The reticular activating system
|
| Sleep _______ is the time period measured from bedtime to the beginning of sleep. |
|
Sleep latency
|
| Sleep_________ is the pattern of NREM and REM which occurs in a 90-110 minute cycle. |
|
Sleep architecture
|
| What regulates the stages and timing of sleep? |
|
Circadian rhythms
|
| Sleep ________ is the ratio of total sleep time to nocturnal time in bed. |
|
Sleep efficiency
|
| Where is the biologic clock that regulates circadian rhythm located in the brain? |
|
The suprachiasmatic nucleus in the hypothalamus
|
| _______ is the term for people who perform best in the early morning and make up most of the population. |
|
Larks
|
| ________ is the term for people who are more alert and perform better in the late evening hours, have a natural tendency to stay up late and are at higher risk for developing sleep apnea or insomnia. |
|
Owls
|
| How often does the NREM-REM cycle repeat itself a night? |
|
5-6 times
|
|
|
| How does REM sleep change throughout the sleep cycle? |
|
REM sleep lengthens with each successive cycle, dominating at the end of the sleep period.
|
| Which phase of sleep is most dominant in the early evening? |
|
NREM
|
| Which phase of sleep is most dominant in the latter stages of sleep? |
|
REM sleep lengthens with each successive cycle, dominating at the end of the sleep period.
|
| NREM occurs about ________ minutes after falling asleep. |
|
90
|
| What are the characteristics of stages 1 & 2 of sleep? |
|
It is light, the person is easily aroused, may not recognize they'd been asleep.
|
| Stage _____ of sleep accounts for 5% of a night's sleep and is the transition between sleep and wakefulness. |
|
Stage 1
|
| Which stage of sleep comprises the majority of a night's sleep? |
|
Stage 2
|
| What happens to the brain rhythms during Stage 1 & 2 of sleep? |
|
Alpha rhythms are gradually replaced by theta rhythms.
|
| When do sleep spindles or k complexes occur during sleep (what stage)? |
|
Stage 2
|
| The deepest state of sleep is called ________ sleep and is thought to have a restorative function. |
|
Slow wave sleep
|
| What stages of sleep does the deepest, most restorative sleep occur in? |
|
Stages 3 & 4
|
| What brain waves are seen in stage 3 and 4 of sleep? |
|
Delta waves, stage 3 has 20-50% of delta waves and stage 4 has more than 50%.
|
| What happens to the brain during REM sleep? |
|
It is very active, more blood flows to the brain and brain temperature increases.
|
| Why is there a paralysis of the head and neck during REM sleep? |
|
Nerve impulses from the spinal cord are blocked allowing for only strong impulses are relayed including impulses controlling heart rate and respirations (both become irregular).
|
| T/F People don't sweat or shiver during REM sleep. |
|
TRUE, temperature regulation is impaired
|
| T/F As people age, the need for sleep decreases. |
|
False, the need to sleep doesn't decrease but the ability to sleep does.
|
| How long does it typically take for sleepiness to dissapate once a sleep disturbance is corrected? |
|
4-6 days
|
| What activities are known to decrease REM sleep? |
|
Rising early, alcohol intake before bed, and CNS-acting medications/drugs.
|
| ________ occurs when there is recurrent long term sleep deprivation. |
|
Sleep debt
|
| How does the body compensate for lost REM sleep? |
|
The body compensates by an earlier occurrence of REM sleep during the next night.
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